Kutshanje, abanye abatyali-mali bamashishini aphantsi kurhulumente ophakathi baxele ukuba njengoko amanye amaphondo eqalile ukuhlawulisa irhafu ezimbini kumhlaba we-photovoltaic ngokusekelwe kwindawo epheleleyo, eli qela liye lafuna ngokucacileyo ukuba zonke iiprojekthi zibalwe ngokusekelwe kwindawo epheleleyo yeerhafu ezimbini xa zidlula uphononongo. "Xa zidityaniswe nomngcipheko wexabiso lombane phantsi koXwebhu No. 136, phantse akukho projekthi ye-photovoltaic enokuphumelela uphononongo."
Ukuphendula oku, imboni ye-photovoltaic ibone imeko yokusetyenziswa komhlaba kwiiprojekthi ze-photovoltaic kwamanye amaphondo. Elinye ishishini eliphantsi korhulumente likarhulumente lithe ngqo ukuba iprojekthi yalo ye-photovoltaic ekwiphondo elithile kumntla-ntshona sele ihlawuliswe irhafu ezimbini kumhlaba we-photovoltaic ngokusekelwe kwindawo epheleleyo ukusukela kunyaka ophelileyo, kwaye iiprojekthi ezininzi ezikhoyo ezigqityiweyo sele ziza "kucinywa". Okwangoku, ishishini eliphantsi korhulumente likwabalwe ngokusekelwe kumhlaba kunye neerhafu ezimbini ezihlawuliswayo kulo lonke ummandla we-photovoltaic array. Ngenxa yoko, iiprojekthi eziza kwakhiwa azinawo amathuba okuqhubeka nokwakhiwa.
Ngenxa yokwehla okulindelekileyo kwamaxabiso ombane njengoko kuchaziwe kuXwebhu Nombolo 136 ukukhuthaza ukungena ngokupheleleyo kwamandla amatsha kwimarike, iirhafu ezimbini kumhlaba we-photovoltaic eziphindaphindwe kangangeminyaka emininzi ziye zabangela olunye utyando olukhulu kutyalo-mali olusele lupholile ngequbuliso kwi-photovoltaic.
Irhafu yendawo epheleleyo yenza kube nzima ukubala iindleko zeeprojekthi ze-photovoltaic
Kutshanje, umtyali-mali waseXinjiang uxelele iPhotovoltaic ukuba kunyaka ophelileyo, iiprojekthi ze-photovoltaic eXinjiang sele ziqalile ukuhlawuliswa irhafu yokuhlala emhlabeni ngokusekelwe kulo lonke ummandla. Ixabiso lombane eliphantsi kakade kunye nomlinganiselo ophezulu wamandla kwiiprojekthi ze-photovoltaic, kunye neendleko zerhafu yomhlaba, kukhokelele ekunyukeni okukhulu. "Izinga lembuyekezo yeprojekthi alinanzuzo kwaphela."
Ngowama-2023, kwakucetywe ukuba kuhlawuliswe irhafu kulo lonke ummandla ngomgangatho we-3 yuan ngemitha yesikwere. Nangona kunjalo, emva kweziganeko ezininzi zempendulo kunye neengxoxo phakathi kwabatyali-mali abaninzi, umgangatho wokugqibela werhafu wamiselwa kwi-0.6 yuan ngemitha yesikwere. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ubalwe ngomgangatho we-250 mu nge-10MW, oko kuya kuthetha iindleko ezongezelelweyo ze-10,000 yuan ngeMW ngonyaka. “Xa sijonga umjikelo wokuveliswa kwamandla weminyaka engama-20, kuthetha ukunyuka kwe-0.2 yuan nge-watt ngexabiso,” utshilo umtyali-mali. “Iiprojekthi zaseXinjiang ngokusisiseko zisecaleni lokulahlekelwa. Ngokudibene nempembelelo yoxwebhu Nombolo 136, iiprojekthi ezilandelayo akunakwenzeka ngokupheleleyo ukuzenza. Abanye abatyali-mali sele bebuyisele izalathisi ezininzi ze-photovoltaic.”
Omnye umqeshwa wenkampani yamandla karhulumente esembindini ekwiphondo elithile eMntla-ntshona weTshayina naye uthe irhafu yokuhlala emhlabeni kwiprojekthi yakhe ye-photovoltaic ihlawuliswe kulo lonke elo candelo ukusukela kunyaka ophelileyo, ngomgangatho ofanayo wokuqokelelwa kwe-0.6 yuan ngemitha yesikwere. Irhafu yokuhlala kumhlaba olinyiweyo ihlawuliswa kulo lonke elo candelo, ngomgangatho ofikelela kwi-8 yuan ngemitha yesikwere. “Imigangatho yokuqokelelwa kweprojekthi ngaphambi nasemva kokuba igqityiwe ibisoloko itshintsha, ihenda amashishini e-photovoltaic ukuba 'awabulale',” utshilo ilungu labasebenzi benkampani yaseburhulumenteni esembindini engenakuzinceda.
“Okwangoku, iindleko zomhlaba ezijongene neeprojekthi ze-photovoltaic ziphezulu kakhulu. Kwanakwiiprojekthi ezikwiindawo ezinabantu abambalwa ezinesanti nezingenanto, iindleko zomhlaba ziphezulu njenge-2,800 yuan nge-mu. Umzekelo, umrhumo wokufumana umhlaba umalunga ne-1,800 yuan nge-mu, umrhumo wokulungisa izityalo zengca kumhlaba wokwakha umalunga ne-2,300 yuan nge-mu, kunye ne-inshurensi yomhlalaphantsi yabelusi, njl.njl.” Ilungu labasebenzi beshishini eliphantsi korhulumente wongeze wathi, “Ngokongezwa kwerhafu yokusetyenziswa komhlaba ezidolophini kunye nerhafu yokuhlala efama ehlawuliswa kulo lonke elo candelo, emva kokuba uxwebhu No. 136 lukhuthaza ukungena ngokupheleleyo kwamandla e-photovoltaic kwimarike, xa lungena kwimarike yendawo, irhafu yomhlaba kunye neentlawulo zinokuthi zitshabalalise ngokupheleleyo utyalo-mali lwesikhululo samandla.”
Umphuhlisi ovela kwishishini likarhulumente eliphakathi kwelinye iphondo eliphakathi nelisempuma naye uthe iprojekthi yabo icelwe ukuba ihlawule irhafu ezimbini kumhlaba we-photovoltaic, kodwa akukho nto icacileyo malunga nendlela yokuhlawula, ixesha lokuhlawula, okanye indlela yokuchaza indawo, ngoko ke basenokuba basemva kwetyala. Ukuba kuqaliswe irhafu epheleleyo, "izinga lembuyekezo yeprojekthi aliyi kulandeleka."
Bejongene nemingcipheko yamaxabiso ombane angacacanga kunye nokuqokelelwa kwerhafu yomhlaba kwindawo epheleleyo njengoko kuchaziwe kwiXwebhu No. 136, abaphuhlisi abavela kwiinkampani ezininzi eziphambili bathi ukubalwa kwerhafu yomhlaba kwiiprojekthi ze-photovoltaic ezivunyiweyo ngoku zonke zifuna ukuqokelelwa kwendawo epheleleyo. Uninzi lweenkampani eziphambili ziye zaba nengqiqo ngakumbi kutyalo-mali lwazo kwiiprojekthi ze-photovoltaic, kwaye ezimbalwa azizange zivunywe kutshanje.
Umtyali-mali okhankanywe ngaphambili ubonakalise inkxalabo, esithi, “Njengoko amaphondo amaninzi enyusa kancinci kancinci ukuqokelelwa kweerhafu ezimbini zomhlaba, indlela yokuziqokelela iya kuba yenye into ebalulekileyo echaza ‘umgca wokusinda’ kweeprojekthi emva koXwebhu No. 136. Njengoko kukho imingcipheko kwangaphambili, ukhetho olulodwa kukubala ngokungqongqo ukuqokelelwa ngokusekelwe kulo lonke ummandla.”
Isaci esithi “Khetha okuphantsi kunokubiza kakhulu” siye saba yintetho engenamsebenzi
Umba weerhafu ezimbini zomhlaba kwishishini le-photovoltaic ubusoloko uphazamisa ishishini kangangeminyaka elishumi ukusuka kwi-"13th Five-Year Plan" ukuya kwi-"14th Five-Year Plan". Nokuba kufuneka bahlawuliswe, bahlawuliswe njani, kunye nemigangatho yokuqokelelwa kwezinto bezisoloko zixhomekeke kumagunya asekuhlaleni. Imigangatho yerhafu yomhlaba ethenjisiweyo ngexesha lophuhliso lweprojekthi kunye naleyo emva kokugqitywa kweprojekthi yahluke kakhulu, nto leyo ekhokelele ekuphazamisekeni ngokupheleleyo kwendlela yengeniso yeeprojekthi ze-photovoltaic. Iiprojekthi ezininzi ziye zawela kwimeko yokwenza ilahleko.
Ngowama-2023, i-National Energy Administration yakhupha "Inkcazo yeSicwangciso sokuSebenza soKhuthazo loPhuhliso oluPhezulu lwaMandla amatsha kwiXesha elitsha", ichaza ngokucacileyo ukuba imigangatho yokuqokelelwa kwerhafu yokusetyenziswa komhlaba kumaphondo nakwizixeko ezahlukeneyo ayicacanga, kwaye imeko yeerhafu ezininzi kwindawo enye yenzeka rhoqo. Amandla okuzikhethela endawo makhulu, kwaye iiprojekthi ezininzi zisenamaziko erhafu asekuhlaleni kunye nabanye ababeka irhafu eyongezelelweyo yomhlaba emva kokuba beqhagamshelwe kwigridi okanye besebenza iminyaka eliqela.
Ukongeza, imigangatho yokuqokelela yahlukile kakhulu, kwaye intlawulo yerhafu kwiiprojekthi ezifanayo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yahlukile kakhulu. Kwiprojekthi ye-photovoltaic ye-10MW, intlawulo yerhafu yonyaka isusela kwi-78,000 ukuya kwi-2.04 yezigidi zeeyuan, nto leyo eyandisa kakhulu umthwalo werhafu kumashishini omoya kunye nelanga. Ukuthatha iprojekthi ye-photovoltaic kwindawo ethile eMzantsi-ntshona weTshayina ngo-2021 njengomzekelo, irhafu yomhlaba kunye nomrhumo wesikhululo samandla se-photovoltaic se-200MW sodwa sidlule kwi-150 yezigidi zeeyuan, kwaye iindleko zotyalo-mali lweprojekthi zinyuke ngaphezulu kwe-20%.
Nangona iNational Energy Administration ifuna ukuba zonke iindawo zilandele umgaqo "wokukhetha okuphantsi kunokuba kukhethwe okuphezulu" ukuze kuchazwe ngokucacileyo ububanzi kunye nemigangatho yokuqokelelwa kwerhafu yokusetyenziswa komhlaba ezidolophini kunye nerhafu yokuhlala efama. Nangona kunjalo, ekusetyenzisweni kwayo, amandla olawulo lwengingqi awathintelwanga.
Okwangoku, amaphondo ahlukeneyo aneendlela ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zokuqokelela irhafu yomhlaba: ngokusekelwe kwiindawo zesiseko seenqwaba, izithunzi ze-square array, kunye nommandla wonke wendawo. Ixabiso lerhafu yomhlaba lahluka kakhulu phakathi kwezi ndlela zintathu. “Phakathi kwendawo yesiseko seenqwaba, indawo eqikelelweyo ye-square array kunye nommandla wendawo, kukho ubudlelwane be-1:10:50,” kwazisa umntu ongaphakathi kushishino.
Umtyali-mali othile kwiPhondo laseHenan ngaphambili uxelele iPhotovoltaic ukuba iprojekthi eyayiqaliswe ukusebenza ngo-2018 yayiza kuba nendawo emalunga ne-100,000 square metres ngokusekelwe kwindawo yesithunzi sezinto kunye nezinye iindawo, kunye nesixa serhafu se-430,000 yuan. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-2023, abasemagunyeni berhafu bafune ukuba indawo yonke ihlawulwe, kunye nendawo yerhafu ye-1.738 yezigidi zeemitha zesikwere, nto leyo eyabangela isixa serhafu esingaphezulu kwe-10 yezigidi zeeyuan.
Kufuneka kugxininiswe ukuba, ngokusekelwe kuphando nolwazi lukawonke-wonke, ezinye iindawo kumaphondo amaninzi kuquka iQinghai, iXinjiang, iHubei, i-Inner Mongolia, iYunnan, iShandong, iHenan kunye neNingxia ziqalile ukuhlawulisa irhafu yomhlaba kwiiprojekthi ze-photovoltaic. Umgangatho osisiseko wokuqokelela usekelwe kwindawo ethe nkqo yomfanekiso we-array, ngelixa kwamanye amaphondo, usekelwe kuyo yonke indawo yentsimi ye-photovoltaic. Ezinye iindawo zikwimeko yokucelwa ukuba zihlawule irhafu kwaye zisenendawo yokuxoxisana, ngelixa kwezinye iindawo, irhafu sele ihlawulwe ngokwenene.
Kule meko, abatyali-mali bakwabiza oorhulumente basekuhlaleni ukuba baqwalasele ngokupheleleyo uhlengahlengiso oluhambelanayo lweshishini kwinqanaba lokuqala lokukhutshwa koXwebhu Nombolo 136, bamise ukuqokelelwa kweerhafu ezimbini kumhlaba we-photovoltaic okanye bacacise imigangatho yokuqokelelwa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye banike indawo eyaneleyo yokubala, ukuze abatyali-mali bakwazi ukugcina ukuzithemba okwaneleyo kotyalo-mali.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-23-2025