Ishishini le-photovoltaic (PV) lisebenza njengentsika ephambili yeTshayina ukufezekisa iinjongo zayo "zekhabhoni ezimbini" kunye nokuseka inkqubo entsha yamandla. Ngoku iseke isikhundla esiphambili kwihlabathi liphela kwaye yaphuhlisa amandla okuzilawula ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni. Nangona kunjalo, eli shishini kudala lijongene nemiba efana nokungalungelelanisi ngokwaneleyo phakathi kwemveliso kunye nesiphelo sesicelo, ukungafani phakathi koyilo lwamandla emveliso kunye namandla okuthwala igridi, kunye nemijikelo ephindaphindiweyo yomthamo ogqithisileyo kunye nokunqongophala, okuye kwathintela kakhulu uphuhliso oluphezulu lweshishini. Kunye nokungazinzi kwezelizwe kunye nokunyuka kokhuseleko lorhwebo kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukhuphiswano "olungenakuguquka" kwishishini luye lwanda. Ubungakanani bomthamo wemveliso ye-PV budlula imfuno kabini, kwaye ukhuphiswano oluphantsi nolungalungelelananga luye lwakhokelela kwilahleko enkulu edlula i-100 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kwishishini liphela kangangeminyaka emibini elandelelanayo. Kwimarike yemali, ixabiso lilonke lemarike yeshishini lonke liye lehla phantse nge-4 trillion yeerandi xa kuthelekiswa nencopho yalo yembali. Ukuba le ndlela iyaqhubeka nokusasazeka, inokubangela uthotho lweempendulo zechungechunge, nto leyo ebeka umngcipheko kukhuseleko lwezemali lwesizwe. Kulo nyaka, iNational People's Congress kunye neChinese People's Political Consultative Conference ziveze iingcebiso ezifanelekileyo zokubandakanya icandelo lokuvelisa i-PV kulawulo lweshishini lamandla.
NgoJanuwari 2025, iKhomishini yoPhuhliso noHlaziyo yeSizwe ikhuphe "Isaziso malunga nokuNzulula uHlaziyo olujolise kwiMarike lweMilinganiselo yoMbane oHlaziyiweyo oQhagamshelene neGrid ukuze kukhuthazwe uPhuhliso oluPhezulu lwaMandla aHlaziyiweyo" (FGNJ [2025] No. 136), ejolise ekukhuthazeni ukuhlanganiswa ngokupheleleyo kombane oqhagamshelwe kwigrid yamandla ahlaziyiweyo kwimarike yombane, kunye namaxabiso enziwe ngentengiselwano yemarike, enentsingiselo entle ekuhambeni kwexesha. Nangona kunjalo, njengoxwebhu lwesizwe, iinkcukacha ezithile zokuphunyezwa zishiywa kwiphondo ngalinye (isixeko, isithili) ukuba ziyilwe, nto leyo ekhokelela kwimigaqo-nkqubo engacacanga kwiindawo ezininzi. Ejongene nokungaqiniseki komgaqo-nkqubo kunye nemingcipheko yokusebenza ebangelwa kukuguquguquka okukhulu kwamaxabiso ombane emva kokuba amandla ahlaziyiweyo engene kwimarike, amashishini amaninzi kuye kwafuneka anciphise okanye amise uphuhliso kunye nokwakhiwa kweeprojekthi ezintsha, nto leyo ebangele ukungazinzi kokukhula kwamandla afakwe yi-photovoltaic (PV) yasekhaya ngo-2025, kunye nokukhula okungalunganga okunokwenzeka ngo-2026 okokuqala kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
Okwangoku, ngenxa yezizathu zezopolitiko kwaye ikhuthazwe yimizamo ye-US yokutsala ukubuya kwamashishini okuvelisa, amandla okuvelisa iimodyuli ze-photovoltaic (PV) zaseTshayina aphesheya kolwandle anyuke kakhulu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100GW. Ukunyuka kwamashishini okuvelisa ii-PV e-US naseIndiya kuye kwacinezela imakethi yethu yamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kunokuma kwixesha elide. Ngenxa yoku, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kweemodyuli ze-PV zaseTshayina kwehle kwaya kwi-2.1% ukukhula konyaka ngo-2025, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba kungabonakali ukukhula okanye ukukhula okuncinci kwiminyaka ezayo. Ngenxa yoxinzelelo kwiimarike zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe, kufana nokongeza isithuko ekulimaleni kulo lonke ishishini. Ukuba imfuno iyaqhubeka nokuhla kulo nyaka, lonke ishishini liya kuqhubeka nokulahlekelwa, kwaye ukhuphiswano "olungenaguquko" lunokuqina ngakumbi.
Ngexesha elibalulekileyo xa ilizwe liqhubela phambili ngokupheleleyo iinjongo "zekhabhoni ezimbini", ishishini le-photovoltaic (PV) akufuneki liphinde lilawulwe njengeshishini lokuvelisa ngokubanzi. Endaweni yoko, kufuneka likhusele ngcono umda walo ophambili kukhuphiswano lwehlabathi, linike ingqalelo engakumbi kwindima yalo ebalulekileyo ekuguqulweni kwamandla eTshayina, kunye nokubaluleka kwalo okubalulekileyo kukhuseleko lwamandla esizwe kunye notshintshiselwano lwangaphandle. Ngokuchasene nale meko, ukufaka inkqubo yokuvelisa i-PV kulawulo lweshishini lamandla kunokufezekisa intsebenziswano phakathi kokuvelisa kunye nokusetyenziswa, ukugxininisa ngokulinganayo kukhuseleko kunye notshintsho, kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo odibeneyo kunye nolawulo kwishishini le-PV. Kwilizwe, kukuphuculwa kwenkqubo yolawulo lwamandla eTshayina ngokusekelwe kutshintsho kwisakhiwo samandla kunye neengqwalasela zokhuseleko lwamandla, kunye nesiqinisekiso esibalulekileyo sokuxhasa ukuphunyezwa kweenjongo "zekhabhoni ezimbini" kunye nophuhliso lwesizwe olusemgangathweni ophezulu. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kucetyiswa ezi ngcebiso zilandelayo:
Okokuqala, kucetyiswa ukuba kufakwe inkqubo yokwenziwa kwe-photovoltaic kucwangciso nolawulo lulonke lwecandelo lamandla. IKhomishini yoPhuhliso noHlaziyo lweSizwe kunye noMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi kufuneka bakhokele ekuququzeleleni ulawulo lweshishini lokwenziwa kwe-photovoltaic, kunye noLawulo lweMandla lweSizwe, uLawulo lweSizwe loLawulo lweMarike, uMphathiswa we-Ecology kunye neNdalo, kunye namanye amasebe kunye neekomishini ezibonelela ngolungelelwaniso kunye nentsebenziswano. Amandla okwenziwa kwe-photovoltaic kufuneka ahambelane nophuhliso lwamandla kunye nokwakhiwa kwegridi yamandla, kwaye kufuneka kusekwe indlela yokudibanisa ngokubambisana "yokwenziwa-ukusetyenziswa-kokwenziwa"
Okwesibini, kucetyiswa ukuba kubhekiswe kumava avuthiweyo olawulo lwemizi-mveliso yamandla yendabuko kwaye kusekwe indlela yokulawula imakethi yokwenziwa kwe-photovoltaic esekelwe kuMthetho waMandla weRiphabliki yabantu baseTshayina. Qhagamshelanisa ukusebenza komthamo wokwenziwa kwe-photovoltaic kunye nocwangciso lokufakwa kwe-photovoltaic yesizwe kunye nemfuno yokuthumela ngaphandle, kwaye wakhe indlela yokulinganisela eguquguqukayo "yokubeka imveliso ngokwemfuno". Phucula inkqubo yokulawula amaxabiso ekupheleni kokwenziwa kwe-photovoltaic, misela indlela yokulumkisa amaxabiso, thatha amanyathelo okungenelela kwamaxabiso kunye namanyathelo angxamisekileyo xa kuyimfuneko, kwaye wakhe indlela yomngcipheko yokuthintela nokuphendula kutshintsho olungaqhelekanga lwamaxabiso emarike.
Okwesithathu, kucetyiswa ukuba kusekwe iqonga elihlangeneyo lesizwe lokubeka esweni kwaye kuphuculwe inkqubo yokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kunye nokubeka esweni okugqithisileyo. Inkqubo yokubeka esweni ukusebenza kokwenziwa kwe-photovoltaic kufuneka isekwe ukuze ibeke esweni idatha efana nomthamo wemveliso, imveliso, ixabiso, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye nomgangatho, kunye neendlela zokusebenza zokujikeleza, ukusasazwa, kunye nokusetyenziswa. Ikhonkco lezinto eziluhlaza kwindawo ephezulu yokwenziwa kwe-photovoltaic, i-polysilicon, kufuneka lifakwe kwinkqubo yokugcina ukhuseleko lwamandla kazwelonke. Indlela yokuphendula ngokukhawuleza yokubonelela kunye nokugcina izinto eziluhlaza kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo kufuneka isekwe ukuphucula ukuqina kwekhonkco lemizi-mveliso.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-09-2026