Iiphaneli ze-photovoltaic ezifanayo ezifakwe kwi
(njengendlela yelanga) izibiyeli zokulandelela ilanga zinokunyusa amandla emihla ngemihla ngama-20%–35%.
Nangona kunjalo, ukujikeleza kwezibiyeli kubandakanya okungaphezulu kakhulu kunokuthatha ilanga; ii-algorithms ezidibeneyo zivumela ukuphepha umthunzi, ukumelana nomoya kunye nokuguquguquka kwemozulu, zisebenza njengeyona "ngqondo yedijithali" iphambili yenkqubo yonke.
Kwizikhululo zamandla ze-PV ezinkulu, ii-trackers zijonge empuma ekuzeni kokusa zize zijikeleze entshona ngorhatya, zahlukile kwiirakhi ezizinzileyo ezinee-engile zokufakelwa ezihlala zihleli. Ukwanda kwamandla okuyi-10%–35% kuvelisa ingeniso enkulu kwizityalo zamandla ezifakwe emhlabeni, nto leyo eqhuba ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kweebrakethi zokulandelela. Nangona kunjalo, iiprojekthi zokulandela ilanga zijongene nemingeni emithathu emikhulu: ukubeka ilanga ngokuchanekileyo ngexesha langempela, ukunciphisa umthunzi phakathi kwemigca kunye nokukhuselwa kwezixhobo phantsi kwemimoya, zonke zisonjululwe zii-algorithms zokulandelela. Oku kuhlalutya imisebenzi emine ephambili ye-algorithmic, amaqhinga amathathu okulawula kunye nokusebenza kwezoqoqosho kwezicelo ze-tracker.
1. Ii-Algorithms zeenkwenkwezi: Bala indawo yelanga endaweni yokubona inzwa
Zimbini iindlela ezikhoyo zokubeka indawo yelanga: ukufumanisa i-photoelectric kunye nokubala i-astronomical.
- Ukulandelela ngefotoelectric (ngokusekelwe ekufumaneni)
Ixhomekeke kwiisensa ezibona ukukhanya ukuze ilungise indlela ezisebenza ngayo ngokuthelekisa ukukhanya. Nangona zichanekile ngeentsuku ezingenamafu, iisensa azisebenzi kakuhle kwaye azilungelelanisi kakuhle iiphaneli phantsi kwesibhakabhaka esigubungele ukukhanya okufanayo okusasazekileyo ngenxa yokungazinzi kakuhle, zisetyenziselwa kuphela ukulinganisa okuncedisiweyo.
- Ii-algorithms zeenkwenkwezi (i-mainstream yeshishini)
Ngokusekelwe kububanzi, ubude, umhla kunye nexesha lesikhululo samandla, iifomyula zeenkwenkwezi ezivuthiweyo zibala ubude belanga kunye ne-azimuth ngexesha langempela ngaphandle kwezinzwa zokukhanya. Nokuba phantsi kwelifu elinzima, inkqubo ikhupha ii-engile zokujikeleza ezifanelekileyo ngokuchanekileyo, isusa ngokupheleleyo ukusilela kokubeka izinto kwiintsuku ezinamafu.
I-tracker ye-axis enye ethe tye eyamkelwe ngokubanzi ijikeleza kwi-axis ethe tye esuka emantla ukuya emazantsi. Le algorithm ilungisa ii-angles zokuthambekela rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukukhanya kwelanga ngokuthe nkqo kwiiphaneli, nto leyo eyenza ingqiqo esisiseko yokulandelela ilanga.
2. I-Logic yokulandelela imini yonke ye-Horizontal Single-Axis Trackers
Ziqhutywa zii-algorithms zeenkwenkwezi, ii-trackers ze-single-axis ezithe tye zilandela imithetho eqhelekileyo yokujikeleza imihla ngemihla: zijika zibheke ngasempuma kusasa ukuze zibambe ukuphuma kwelanga, zijika zijikeleze phantse zithe tyaba emini ukuze zifumane ukukhanya kwelanga okunamandla ngaphezulu, kwaye zijike zibheke ngasentshona ngorhatya ukuze zivune ukukhanya kwelanga ngokunyakaza okuthe tye okuqhubekayo.
Iirakhi ezizinzileyo zivelisa i-curve efana ne-hump efikelela emini emaqanda kwaye i-output iphantsi kusasa nangokuhlwa. Ii-trackers zivumela ukuveliswa kwamandla okusebenzayo ekuphumeni nasekutshoneni kwelanga, zandisa i-output curve ibe yindawo ezinzileyo kwaye ziphakamisa kakhulu ukuveliswa kwemihla ngemihla. Inzuzo eyongezelelweyo: umbane utshintshela kwiincopho zemfuno zasekuseni nangokuhlwa, apho umbane owongezelelweyo uthwala ixabiso eliphezulu kwezoqoqosho.
Ngaphandle kwezixhobo zokulandelela ezithe tye ezine-axis enye, izixhobo zokulandelela ezi-dual-axis zibonelela ngokusebenza kakuhle kokulandelela ngezakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo kunye neendleko eziphezulu; iintlobo ze-axis enye ezithambekileyo zilungele iindawo eziphakamileyo kunye neendawo zeentaba. Zonke iintlobo zezixhobo zokulandelela zithatha ukubalwa kwelanga njengesiseko sazo.
3. Ukubuyela umva: Ukulahla i-Irradiance engaphelelanga ukuze kupheliswe i-Array Shading
Ekuseni kakhulu nasemva kwemini, ilanga lihlala lisezantsi esibhakabhakeni. Iibrakethi ezigobileyo zibangela ukuba iiphaneli zomqolo ongaphambili zenze izithunzi ezinde phezu kwemigca engasemva. Ngenxa yeeseli ze-PV ezidityaniswe ngothotho, umbala wendawo unciphisa kakhulu ukuveliswa kwamandla kwentambo yonke.
Ii-algorithms zokulandelela emva zixela kwangaphambili iingozi zomthunzi kunye nezibiyeli ezithambileyo. Nangona kukho ukulahleka okuncinci kokukhanya kwiiphaneli ngazinye, umthunzi phakathi kwemigca kulo lonke uluhlu uyasuswa, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuphumeni kwamandla aphezulu. Le teknoloji ivumela isithuba esiqinileyo se-array ukuze kongiwe umhlaba, ibe ngumsebenzi oqhelekileyo weenkqubo zokulandelela zanamhlanje.
4. Ii-Algorithms eziLungisa iMozulu: Ukulinganisela uKhuseleko lweZixhobo kunye noKuzuza uMandla
Ii-algorithms ezintsonkothileyo zidibanisa izinzwa zemozulu (ii-anemometers, ii-irradiance detectors) kunye nedatha yesimo sezulu ukuze kulungiswe ii-panel readerships ngokweemeko zemozulu:
- Imo yokukhusela umoya ovuthuzayo: Iiphaneli ziyathamba ngokuzenzekelayo xa isantya somoya sigqitha imida yokhuseleko ukunciphisa indawo ejikeleziswa ngumoya kunye noxinzelelo lomoya, ukuthintela umonakalo kwizibiyeli kunye neemodyuli.
- Imo yokwenza ngcono i-overcastIiphaneli zihlala zithe tyaba phantsi kokukhanya okunamafu okusasazekayo ukuze ziqokelele ukukhanya kwelanga okusasazekayo esibhakabhakeni sonke, zingcono kuneembono zokusukela ilanga ezithambekileyo.
- Ukuzicoca ngokwakho ukuze kuthintelwe imvula nekhephu: Ii-engile zokuthambekela ezithe nkqo ziyavulwa ngexesha lemvula kunye nokuwa kwekhephu, okuvumela ukutyibilika kwekhephu kunye nokuhlanjwa kothuli ngamanzi emvula ukunciphisa ilahleko yokuvelisa.
Ukulungelelana kwemozulu kuphucula izixhobo zokulandelela ukusuka koomatshini abalula abalandela ilanga ukuya kwiinkqubo zokusebenza ezikrelekrele kuzo zonke iimeko zemozulu.
5. Uthelekiso lweeNdlela zoLawulo lweeTracker ezintathu
- Ii-algorithms zeenkwenkwezi (ulawulo oluvulekileyo, oluqhelekileyo)Izikhundla zelanga zibalwa kuphela ngeefomyula ezisebenza kakuhle kuzo zonke iimeko zezulu. Umda wayo ulele ekungaguquguquki kwemozulu, nto leyo efuna ii-algorithms ezongezelelweyo eziguquguqukayo.
- Ukulandelela ngefotoelectric (ulawulo oluvaliweyo, oluncedisayo)Ichaneke kakhulu kwiintsuku ezicacileyo kodwa isenokuba neengxaki phantsi kokukhanya okusasazekayo, isetyenziswa kuphela njengenkxaso yokulinganisa ii-algorithms zeenkwenkwezi.
- Ii-algorithms zokuqikelela ze-AI (isisombululo esikrelekrele sesizukulwana esilandelayo)Ngokudibanisa uqikelelo lwemozulu kunye nedatha yokusebenza yembali, baqikelela utshintsho lwe-irradiation kunye nemozulu embi kakhulu ukuze balungise ii-engile zokuthambekela kwangaphambili ukuze kuqhubeke ukwenziwa ngcono kwengeniso yamandla. Ngokuhambelana neephaneli ze-PV ezimbini, ii-algorithms ngaxeshanye ziphucula i-irradiance ethe ngqo kwicala langaphambili kunye nokukhanya okubonakalayo emhlabeni ukuze kuphuculwe amandla ngakumbi.
6. Uhlalutyo lweSicelo sezoQoqosho: IiTrackers azifanelekanga kuzo zonke iimeko
Icala leNgeniso
Ifomula yokufumana inzuzo yokulandelela: Ukuzuza kokulandelela = [(Isiphumo seTracker − Isiphumo esiQinisekileyo) ÷ Isiphumo esiQinisekileyo] × 100%
Kwiindawo ezithe tyaba nezithe tyaba ezigcwele ukukhanya kwelanga ngokuthe ngqo, ukuzuza kwamandla kufikelela kwi-15%–20%. Ukuzuza kwamandla kwehla kakhulu kwiindawo ezinemvula, ezinamafu okanye kwiindawo zeentaba eziqhekekileyo.
Icala leendleko
Iindleko ezongezelelekileyo zeenkqubo zokulandelela ziquka iindleko zangaphambili zeemoto ezijikelezayo, abalawuli kunye neesensa, iindleko zokusebenza nokugcinwa kwexesha elide, kunye nokuhlala emhlabeni okongeziweyo okubangelwa kukwahlulwa kwemigca ebanzi.
Imeko ezisebenzayo
Iitracker zingena kwizikhululo zamandla ze-PV ezinkulu ezixhonywe emhlabeni, ngelixa iirakhi ezizinzileyo zingabizi kakhulu kwiiprojekthi zophahla ezisasazekileyo kunye neendawo ezintsonkothileyo zeentaba. Ukuthembeka kwezixhobo zekhompyutha kubalulekile: ii-algorithms ezikrelekrele kufuneka zihambelane neendibano ezijikelezayo eziqinileyo, ezixhaswa ziinkqubo zokubeka esweni kwi-intanethi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwexesha elide. Ukuphuculwa kwe-algorithm okuphindaphindayo kuqhubeka kukhulisa inzuzo yamandla kwaye kuphucule uqoqosho lweprojekthi.
Isiphelo
Ukujikeleza okubonakalayo koomatshini kwezibiyeli zokulandelela kubonakala ngathi kuphakamisa amandla, ngelixa ii-algorithms ezikrelekrele zisebenza njengesixhobo sokwenyani sokunika amandla. Izakhono ezininzi zesoftware zisebenza ngokubambisana: ukubala ngeenkwenkwezi kubonelela ngokulandelela ilanga ngokuchanekileyo, ukulandelela emva kususa ilahleko zomthunzi, izixhobo zokukhusela ukuguquguquka kwemozulu, kwaye ii-algorithms ze-AI zenza ulungelelwaniso lokuqikelela, zivula amandla okuvelisa ngokupheleleyo izikhululo zamandla ze-PV.
Ukuphuculwa kokusebenza kakuhle kwe-PV akuxhomekanga kuphela ekuphuculweni kwezixhobo zeephaneli kodwa nakwi-algorithm engathethiyo kunye nokwenza ngcono isoftware. Ukujikeleza koomatshini sisiseko, kodwa ukubala okukrelekrele kwakha ukhuphiswano oluphambili. Ukuhlanganiswa koomatshini kunye nee-algorithms, izixhobo kunye nobukrelekrele bedijithali, kukhawulezisa ukusasazwa okukhulu kwamandla elanga acocekileyo afikelelekayo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-14-2026