Ngowama-2025, amandla okufakelwa e-photovoltaic (PV) kunye namandla omoya eTshayina angaphezulu kwamandla obushushu okokuqala, afikelela kwi-1.84 yeebhiliyoni zee-kilowatts. Oku kwenza i-PV kunye namandla omoya zibe yeyona nto iphambili ekukhuleni kombane eTshayina, isenza i-47.3% yamandla afakiweyo kunye nesiqingatha samandla afakiweyo ehlabathi jikelele e-PV kunye namandla omoya. Ngaloo ndlela iTshayina iseke inkqubo yamandla avuselelekayo enkulu nekhula ngokukhawuleza kwihlabathi. Olu tshintsho lwesakhiwo lubeke isiseko samandla esiqinileyo sokufezekisa iinjongo "zekhabhoni ezimbini" ngexesha elicwangcisiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwendalo kunye nokuguquguquka kwemveliso yamandla avuselelekayo, kunye nohlengahlengiso oluguquguqukayo lweendlela zokubonelela ngombane kunye nemfuno, umngcipheko wokuguquguquka kwamaxabiso ombane uye wanda kakhulu, waba ngumqobo obonakalayo othintela ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwemarike yombane. Kulo nyaka, iNational People's Congress kunye neNgqungquthela yeNgcebiso yezoPolitiko yabantu baseTshayina bazise iingcebiso ezifanelekileyo zokukhawulezisa uphuhliso lwemarike yezinto eziphuma kumbane.
Abameli bathi indlela yokusebenza ibonise ukuba ubunzulu botshintsho lokuthengiswa kombane abunakwahlulwa kwinkxaso edibeneyo yemarike yeemveliso eziphumayo. Kwinkqubo yokuthengisa umbane eYurophu nase-United States, baphinde badibana nengxaki yokuguquguquka okukhulu kwamaxabiso ombane okubangelwa kukunyuka kwamandla amatsha. Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezixhobo zeemveliso eziphumayo kube yindlela ephambili yokusombulula le ngxaki. Kwinguqulelo yokuthengisa umbane ngo-2001, i-UK yatshintsha indlela yesiqhelo yombane ngemodeli "yesivumelwano samazwe amabini + imarike elinganisiweyo" ngokwazisa izixhobo zeemveliso eziphumayo ezifana neekamva kunye neendlela, nto leyo eyaphucula kakhulu uzinzo lokusebenza kwemarike. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, umthamo worhwebo lweemveliso eziphumayo zombane kwiimarike ezivuthiweyo eYurophu nase-United States uhlale kwinqanaba le-trillion-dollar unyaka wonke. Umthamo worhwebo lweemveliso eziphumayo zombane eYurophu ufikelele amaxesha ali-9-10 kunalawo emarike yeendawo ezithengiswayo, kwaye e-United States, ufikelele amaxesha ali-15-20. Ngaphezulu kwe-90% yorhwebo lombane lugutyungelwe zizivumelwano zemali ezifana neemveliso eziphumayo, nto leyo eqinisekisa ukuba amaxabiso ahlala ethengiswa kwimarike yeendawo ezithengiswayo ahlala ethengiswa. I-International practice iqinisekisile ngokupheleleyo ukuba imakethi ye-electrical derivatives ibalulekile ekukhuseleni iingozi zamaxabiso, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwemibutho yemarike, kunye nokugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kwemakethi yombane. Abameli be-Two Sessions bakholelwa ukuba xa kuthelekiswa neemakethi ezivuthiweyo eYurophu nase-United States, imakethi ye-electrical derivatives yaseTshayina isekwinqanaba layo lokuqala lokuhlola. Inkqubo yophuhliso ayihambelani nesantya sokuguqulwa kwe-marketing marketing kunye nemfuno yokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo samandla. Kukho iintsilelo ezintathu eziphambili:
Enye ingxaki yindlela endala yokuvelisa iintlobo ngeentlobo.
Ukungabikho kwezixhobo zombane eziza kusetyenziswa, isixhobo esisisiseko sokukhusela umbane, kunye nokungabikho kweemveliso ezikhethekileyo ezigubungela iingozi ezithile ezifana nokuguquguquka kwemveliso entsha yamandla, umahluko wamaxabiso e-peak-valley, kunye nefuthe lemozulu embi.
Okwesibini, imiqobo yorhwebo phakathi kwemimandla iyabonakala.
Imithetho yemarike yombane kuwo onke amaphondo (kuquka imimandla ezimeleyo kunye noomasipala) ayidibani, iindlela zokubala azihambelani, kwaye kukho umahluko omkhulu kwimigaqo-nkqubo yokudlulisela amaxabiso. Ungenelelo lolawulo kunye nokukhuselwa kwengingqi kwenzeka ngamanye amaxesha, okwenza kube nzima ukufezekisa ukwabiwa kwezixhobo zombane ngokugqibeleleyo kuwo onke amaphondo ngokusebenzisa imarike ye-derivatives.
Okwesithathu, ukulungelelaniswa komgaqo-nkqubo kunye nendlela yokulawula kufuneka kuphuculwe.
Ukungabikho kwendlela edibeneyo nedibeneyo phakathi kwamandla kunye nolawulo lwezemali, kunye nokulungelelaniswa okungalunganga phakathi kwemithetho yokuhanjiswa kunye nokulungiswa kwezorhwebo lwee-derivatives kunye nemarike yendawo yombane, kunye nomda ophezulu wokuthatha inxaxheba kunye neenkxalabo ezininzi zomngcipheko kwiinkampani zemarike, kukhokelele ekubeni kungabikho mdla kunye nokungakwazi ukusebenzisa izixhobo zee-derivatives, ngaloo ndlela kuthintela ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwemisebenzi ephambili yemarike.
Okwangoku, ukuguquguquka kwamaxabiso ombane kube nefuthe elikhulu kuphuhliso lokusebenza kwamaziko asezantsi naphezulu kuluhlu lwamandla ombane. Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwemveliso, amashishini amatsha okuvelisa amandla abone amaxabiso awo ombane kwigridi ehluka kulindelo, kunye neziphumo ezithile zeprojekthi ziwela ngaphantsi komgca wesilumkiso, nto leyo echaphazela umdla wotyalo-mali olutsha lweprojekthi. Iinkampani zokuthengisa umbane zijongene noxinzelelo oluphindwe kabini "lweendleko eziphezulu zokuthenga umbane kunye namaxabiso alinganiselweyo okuthengisa umbane," ziwela kwiingxaki zokusebenza. Abasebenzisi bemizi-mveliso, ingakumbi amashishini asebenzisa amandla aphezulu, bakufumanisa kunzima ukuvalela iindleko zombane kwangaphambili, nto leyo echaphazela kakhulu uzinzo lwezicwangciso zemveliso kwaye emva koko ichaphazela ukhuseleko lwemizi-mveliso kunye neekhonkco zokubonelela. Ukuba asikhawulezisi uphuhliso lwemarike yeemveliso zombane, kuya kuphazamisa ngakumbi ubunzulu botshintsho lokuthengiswa kombane, olungenakunceda kuphuhliso oluphezulu lweshishini elitsha lamandla kwaye lunokuchaphazela nokhuseleko lwamandla kunye nemeko iyonke yesiqinisekiso sobonelelo. Ukujongana ngempumelelo nemingeni yokukhusela umngcipheko kwinkqubo yokuthengisa umbane, ukukhuthaza uphuhliso oludibeneyo lwemarike yeemveliso zombane kunye nemarike yendawo, kunye nokwenza lula inkqubela phambili eqhubekayo yotshintsho lokuthengiswa kombane, abameli kwiSeshini ezimbini bacebisa:
Okokuqala, kucetyiswa ukuba kukhawuleziswe ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo yemveliso eyahlukeneyo nesemgangathweni ukuze kubekwe isiseko esiqinileyo sokuthintela umngcipheko. Ikhokelwa yiKhomishini yoLawulo lwezoKhuseleko lwaseTshayina (CSRC) kunye noLawulo lweMandla eSizwe, utshintshiselwano lwexesha elizayo kufuneka lukhokelwe ukuze kukhawuleziswe uphando, uphuhliso, kunye nenkqubo yokubhalisa umbane kwixesha elizayo, kwaye kugqitywe uphando, uphuhliso, kunye namalungiselelo okubhalisa iikhontrakthi zexesha elizayo zombane ezisebenzayo kuzwelonke ngokukhawuleza. Indlela "yokulungelelanisa ilizwe + iiprojekthi zovavanyo lwengingqi" kufuneka isekwe ukukhuthaza amaphondo akhulileyo kwimarike yendawo ukuba aqale enze iiprojekthi zovavanyo lweemveliso ezikhethekileyo ezifana neekhontrakthi zomahluko wexabiso le-peak-valley kunye ne-futures ye-futures ye-futures yemveliso yamandla amatsha. Ezi projekthi zovavanyo kufuneka zigxile ekuhambelaneni neemfuno zokukhusela umngcipheko wemibutho ekhulayo efana nokuveliswa kwamandla amatsha, ukugcinwa kwamandla, kunye nezityalo zamandla ezibonakalayo, kwaye emva kokwenza amava anokuphindwa, kufuneka zikhuthazwe kuzwelonke.
Okwesibini, kucetyiswa ukuba kukhawuleziswe ukusekwa kwemakethi yesizwe edibeneyo, kususwe imiqobo kwiintengiselwano zemimandla eyahlukeneyo, kwaye kumiselwe imithetho yesizwe edibeneyo kwimarike yeemveliso zombane. Kukhawuleziswe ukusekwa kwendlela yokulungelelanisa yesizwe kwimarike yeemveliso zombane, kukhuthazwe ukuhlanganiswa kwemithetho yorhwebo, imigangatho yokubala, kunye neendlela zokwakheka kwamaxabiso kuwo onke amaphondo (kuquka imimandla ezimeleyo kunye noomasipala), kwaye kupheliswe umahluko kwimigaqo-nkqubo kunye nokukhuselwa kwengingqi. Kukhuthazwe ukunxibelelana kunye nokusebenzisana phakathi kweqonga lesizwe lokurhweba ngombane kunye neenkqubo zeqonga lokurhweba ngekamva, kuvumela ukwabelana kunye nokusetyenziswa kolwazi oluphambili olufana nedatha yokurhweba, ulwazi lwesikhundla, kunye nesimo sokuzalisekiswa kwekhontrakthi, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokungalingani kolwazi kwiintengiselwano zemimandla eyahlukeneyo.
Okwesithathu, kucetyiswa ukuba komelezwe ukwakhiwa kweziseko zophuhliso zemarike kwaye kuphuculwe amandla okuqinisekisa inkonzo epheleleyo. Ukwandisa utyalo-mali ekwakhiweni kweziseko zophuhliso zemarike yeemveliso zombane, ukuxhasa ukutshintshiselana ngekamva kunye namaziko okurhweba ngombane ekuphuculeni iinkqubo zawo zobugcisa, kunye nokuphucula ngokupheleleyo uzinzo, ukhuseleko, kunye nomthamo wokuthwala inkqubo yokurhweba. Misela iqonga lokwabelana ngedatha yombane elihlangeneyo kuzwelonke, udibanise izixhobo zedatha kulo lonke uthotho lokuvelisa umbane, ukudlulisa, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla, kunye nokubonelela ngenkxaso yedatha ukuze kubekwe amaxabiso achanekileyo eemveliso zombane kunye nokuthintela nokulawula umngcipheko ngokufanelekileyo.
Okwesine, kucetyiswa ukuba kusekwe kwaye kuphuculwe indlela yokulungelelanisa imigaqo-nkqubo kunye nokusebenzisana kwemithetho ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okusemgangathweni nokulungeleleneyo kwemarike. Kusekwe indlela yokusebenza ngokubambisana phakathi kokulawulwa kwamandla kunye nokulawulwa kwezemali, kucaciswe ukwahlulwahlulwa kwemisebenzi phakathi koLawulo lweMandla lweSizwe, iKhomishini yoLawulo lweZibambiso zaseTshayina, kunye noorhulumente basekhaya ekulawuleni imakethi yezinto eziphuma kumbane, kwaye kwenziwe amandla olawulo adibeneyo kwaye asebenzayo asebenza ngokubambisana ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi. Kuphuculwe inkqubo yokuxhasa imigaqo-nkqubo exhasayo, kufakwe ishishini lokukhusela amashishini kwinkqubo yovavanyo lolawulo lomngcipheko, kwaye kubonelelwe ngenkxaso echanekileyo kumashishini aqhuba ukhuseleko ngokuhambelana nemigaqo ngokwemali-mboleko kunye nezikhuthazo zerhafu.
Okwesihlanu, kucetyiswa ukuba kuqiniswe ukulima nokukhokela amashishini emarike, kwaye kuphuculwe amandla okukhusela umngcipheko kulo lonke icandelo. Kufuneka kusekwe iqonga loqeqesho lwentlalo-ntle yoluntu, olubandakanya uqeqesho lolwazi malunga nezinto eziphuma kumbane kwinkqubo yoqeqesho eqhelekileyo yamashishini amandla. Ngokudibeneyo nemibutho yamashishini kunye notshintshiselwano lwexesha elizayo, kufuneka kuqhutywe uqeqesho olukhethekileyo ukuphucula ulwazi "lokungakhethi cala komngcipheko" kunye namandla okusebenza asebenzayo amashishini emarike, ukuze akwazi "ukusebenzisa nokuzama ukusebenzisa" izixhobo eziphuma kumbane.
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-14-2026