Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imimandla eselunxwemeni olusemzantsi-mpuma yeTshayina ifumene impembelelo rhoqo yeenkanyamba, kunye neemeko zemozulu ezimbi ezibangele ilahleko enkulu kwezoqoqosho kwimveliso yasekuhlaleni nakubomi bemihla ngemihla. Utshintsho lwemozulu lukhokelele ekwandeni kweziganeko zeenkanyamba ezinamandla kunye neziganeko zemozulu eziguquguqukayo ezinamandla, okubangele iziganeko ezininzi zokusilela kwesakhiwo sesikhululo samandla se-photovoltaic (PV), ukuguqa kweemodyuli, kunye nokonakala kwamacandelo ngenxa "yeentanda ezifihlakeleyo." Okudityaniswe neendlela ezifana nokwanda kobukhulu beemodyuli kunye noxinzelelo lokuphucula iindleko, ukumelana nomthwalo woomatshini kunye nokuthembeka kwexesha elide kweemodyuli ze-PV kujongene nemingeni ekhulayo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yomthwalo onamandla kuye kwaba yinto ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwexesha elide kunye nokusebenza kofakelo lwelanga.
Okwangoku, iindawo zokusebenza kwizikhululo zamandla ze-PV kwiindawo ezinomoya ophezulu ziya zisiba zizinto ezahlukeneyo nezintsonkothileyo, ukusuka kwiindawo ezithandwa zizivuthuvuthu ukuya kwiindawo zomoya zangaphakathi, nganye ibonakalisa iimeko zemozulu ezahlukeneyo. Phantsi komgangatho we-IEC 61215 okhoyo—ochaza imeko yovavanyo ye-±1000 Pa kwimijikelo eli-1,000—ubuchule bokumelana nomoya beemodyuli ze-PV buhambelana malunga nesantya somoya se-130 km/h (36.1 m/s), esilingana nesivuthuvuthu seCandelo le-12 kwisikali seSaffir-Simpson. Nangona kunjalo, kwiziganeko zesivuthuvuthu sokwenyani, imimoya ephezulu ehlala ixesha elide kufutshane neziko lesivuthuvuthu inokufikelela kwiindidi ze-14–15. Ngenxa yoko, iiprotokholi zovavanyo zangoku ziyasilela ekuphindaphindeni ukudinwa komoya oguquguqukayo kwihlabathi lokwenyani kunye neziphumo zokudibanisa umoya nokungcangcazela. Kwaneemodyuli ezidlula kwisatifikethi se-IEC zisenokonakala phantsi kweemeko zomoya onzima.
Ngaphezu koko, uvavanyo oluzinzileyo noluqhelekileyo oluguquguqukayo oluchazwe kwimigangatho ye-IEC lusebenza kuphela njengendlela yokuqala yokuhlola kwaye alulinganisi ngokwaneleyo iziphumo zokudinwa eziqokelelweyo ezibangelwa kukuvezwa ixesha elide kwimimoya enamandla kuyo yonke imisebenzi yemodyuli. Olu vavanyo lubandakanya amanqanaba aphantsi oxinzelelo kunye nokubalwa kwemijikelo elinganiselweyo, ukusilela ukuqwalasela imithwalo yomoya egqithisileyo kunye neemfuno zokuqina kwexesha elide kwiminyaka engama-25 okanye ngaphezulu yokusebenza. Esi sikhewu sizisa iingozi ezinokubakho zomgangatho ezinokubeka emngciphekweni ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuthembekileyo kweenkqubo ze-PV kulo lonke ixesha lazo lobomi, ekugqibeleni zichaphazela ixabiso lomsebenzisi wokugqibela kunye nembuyekezo kutyalo-mali.
Ngenxa yokwahluka kweemeko zomoya kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zejografi, kukho imfuneko engxamisekileyo yokuphucula amandla okuthwala umthwalo weemodyuli ze-PV. Ingcamango yendabuko "yomgangatho omnye wokumelana nomoya" ayisanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthunyelwa ngokukhuselekileyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zesicelo. Endaweni yoko, ukulinganiswa komthwalo weemodyuli kufuneka kwahlulwe ngakumbi ngokusekelwe kwiimeko ezithile zendalo kunye neeprofayili zomngcipheko wengingqi.
Kumazwe ngamazwe, amazwe aquka i-United States, amazwe aseYurophu, kunye neJapan asebenzise iimfuno ezingqongqo zomthwalo oguqukayo kwiindawo ezinomoya ophezulu. Umzekelo, inkqubo yesatifikethi se-UL e-US icebisa iiparameter ezongezelelweyo zovavanyo ze-±1500 Pa kwiibhayisikile ezili-10,000 kwiindawo ezifana neFlorida kunye neGulf Coast, apho imimoya yamanqanaba eenkanyamba idla ngokuvela khona. Ngokufanayo, inkqubo ye-TÜV Rheinland's Extended Reliability Testing (ERT) ibandakanya uvavanyo lomthwalo oguqukayo oluphuculweyo—njenge-±1600 Pa kwiibhayisikile ezili-12,000—eyenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezithandwa sisivuthuvuthu nezinomoya ophezulu ezifana nonxweme loLwandle oluseMantla kunye noLwandle lwaseBaltic eYurophu. Ubungqina obubonakalayo bubonisa ukuba ukwamkela imigangatho yomthwalo oguqukayo ophezulu—ngesiqhelo i-±1500 Pa kwiibhayisikile ezili-10,000—kule mimandla kuye kunciphisa kakhulu ukusilela kwentsimi kunye namazinga omonakalo, ngaloo ndlela kuphucula ukhuseleko lokusebenza ngokubanzi kunye nobude bexesha lokufakelwa kwe-PV.
Kwimeko yanamhlanje yemozulu eguquguqukayo yehlabathi, ukumelana nomthwalo oguqukayo weemodyuli ze-PV akuseyonto yobuchwephesha ekhethwayo kodwa yinto esisiseko ebangela ukhuseleko lwezityalo kunye nokusebenza kwemali ebomini bonke. Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno eziguqukayo zoshishino, uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji oluqhubekayo kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe kubalulekile. Kuphela ngokuphuculwa okubanzi komgangatho wemveliso kunye nokuqina kovavanyo apho izitishi zamandla ze-PV zinokugcina ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo kunye nokuthembeka kokusebenza kwiindawo ezingalindelekanga, ngaloo ndlela zibonelela ngexabiso elihlala lihleli kubathengi bokugqibela.
Ixesha leposi: Okthobha-28-2025