Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imfuno yehlabathi yamandla acocekileyo iye yakhula ngokukhawuleza. Eqhutywa kukuqonda okwandayo kokusingqongileyo kunye nokukhathazeka okwandayo malunga nokuncipha kwezixhobo zamandla eziqhelekileyo, amazwe kwihlabathi liphela aye aqinisa imizamo yokukhuthaza nokwamkela ubuchwepheshe obutsha bamandla. Njengoko icandelo elitsha lamandla liqhubeka nokukhula ngokukhawuleza, inani elikhulayo lamashishini liye langena kwimarike, nto leyo ekhokelela ekukhuleni kokhuphiswano. Kwimeko enokhuphiswano olukhulu kangaka, ukuthembela kwinzuzo enye yokhuphiswano akwanelanga ukuzinza kwexesha elide. Amashishini kufuneka aqinise ngokupheleleyo amandla awo okwahlulahlula kwixesha lokuthengiswa ngokupheleleyo kwamandla amatsha.
Unyaka ka-2025 uphawule ixesha lomahluko omkhulu kushishino olutsha lwamandla. Kwelinye icala, ukuthengiswa ngokupheleleyo kwamandla amatsha kutshintshe ngokusisiseko imodeli yengeniso ngaphambili ngokusekelwe kumaxabiso ombane asisigxina. Izinto ezifana nokuguquguquka kwexabiso lombane kunye nemingeni yokudibanisa igridi ziye zavela njengezinto ezibalulekileyo ezibangela inzuzo. Kwelinye icala, amathuba ophuhliso lwexesha elide lweli candelo ahlala ethembisa phantsi kwesakhelo seenjongo "zekhabhoni ezimbini". Okuphawulekayo kukuba, uhlaziyo lwakutshanje lweTshayina kwiMinikelo yayo eMiselweyo yeSizwe (ii-NDC), ebeka umgomo we-3.6 yeebhiliyoni zeekhilowathi zombane odibeneyo kunye nomthamo welanga ofakiweyo ngo-2035, luqinise ukuzithemba kushishino. Ngelixa amandla okufakelwa kwixesha elizayo kulindeleke ukuba akhule ngokuthe chu, ukuthengiswa kuthetha ukuba imbuyekezo yotyalo-mali ayisaqinisekiswa, kwaye uzinzo lwengeniso luye lwanehla—kuphakamisa iinkxalabo phakathi kwabatyali-mali.
Le nkxalabo ayiveli nje kuphela kutshintsho lweshishini ukusuka kwindlela eqhutywa zizixhobo ukuya kwindlela eqhutywa lukhuphiswano kodwa ikwavela kwiimfuno zemarike eziguqukayo zeemodeli ezintsha zamandla otyalo-mali lwamandla. Imodeli yangaphambili—apho imbuyekezo ezinzileyo inokufezekiswa ngokufumana imvume yeprojekthi—inike indawo yesakhelo esintsonkothileyo nesinobukhulu obuninzi esifuna ubuchule obudibeneyo obufana “neqhawe elinomqolo osicaba” lokwakha izitishi zamandla ezisebenzayo kunye nokuqinisekisa amaxabiso ombane afanelekileyo. Ngoko ke eli shishini lingene kwisigaba esitsha esichazwa lukhuphiswano olusekelwe kumandla.
Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini edlulileyo, amashishini amakhulu ombane aqhelekileyo atyale imali eninzi, ixesha, kunye nomgudu kulawulo lokhuseleko, ukuphucula imveliso, ukuguqulwa kwedijithali, kunye nokuthengisa amandla, ukuseka iinkqubo zokusebenza kweeasethi ezintsonkothileyo nezibanzi. Ezi nkqubo azisebenzeli kuphela ulawulo lwasemva kotyalo-mali kodwa zikwaqokelele idatha eninzi yokusebenza-kuquka imveliso yokwenyani yokuveliswa kombane, iiprofayili zemithombo yomoya kunye nelanga, amaxabiso ombane aqokelelweyo, iirekhodi zokunciphisa, kunye nemilinganiselo yeendleko zokusebenza. Ngokuhlalutya amazinga okusilela kwezixhobo, le mibutho iphuhlise ngakumbi ubuchule obuxabisekileyo ekukhetheni izixhobo kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokwakha. Idatha eqokelelweyo kunye namava abonelela ngengqiqo ebalulekileyo yokuvavanya iiprojekthi zotyalo-mali ezintsha. Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa yeepotifoliyo zabo ezibanzi kwimimandla ethile, abanye abatyali-mali abakhulu baye baqala iimodeli zokusebenza ezintsha-ezifana namaziko olawulo aphakathi ephondo, ukugcinwa okuhlangeneyo kwengingqi, kunye nezitishi ezingenabantu-ukunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa. Ngenxa yoko, abatyali-mali abaneenkqubo ezinjalo zobuchule ezigxile kakhulu, eziqhutywa ngamava banomda omkhulu wokhuphiswano kwindawo yokuthengisa.
Xa kuthelekiswa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zabatyali-mali kunye nezakhono zabo eziqokelelweyo kulo lonke ixesha lotyalo-mali, kuvela iimodeli ezahlukeneyo zamandla ngaphambi nasemva kotyalo-mali. Kwimarike ekhuphisanayo, ubuchule bobuchwephesha bezi zakhono bumisela ukuchaneka kovavanyo lokunokwenzeka kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zeprojekthi, buchaphazela ukuma kwegrafu yemveliso-inzuzo, kwaye ekugqibeleni buchaphazela amandla okufumana imbuyekezo eqinileyo kunye nokuhamba kwemali okuzinzileyo ngemisebenzi enobuchule, ukugcinwa, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwimarike emva kokugunyaziswa. Ke ngoko, phantsi kokuthengiswa ngokupheleleyo, ukwakha imodeli yamandla ebanzi neyahlukileyo kuye kwaba yinto ebalulekileyo ngakumbi.
Kuyacaca ukuba amandla oshishino axhomekeke kwisiseko sabatyali-mali abahlukeneyo. Inani elikhulayo labatyali-mali bezemali, amashishini asebenza kwicala lomthwalo, abangeneleli kumacandelo ahlukeneyo, kunye neenkampani zamandla ezingezizo ezemveli zingena kwindawo entsha yamandla. Kwaba bathathi-nxaxheba, ukuphinda iinkqubo zokusebenza kunye nolawulo lweenkampani ezinkulu zamandla ezimiselweyo—ngenxa yemida yexesha, imali, ukunyamezela uvavanyo kunye neempazamo, kunye nophuhliso lwetalente—akunakwenzeka kwaye akunakwenzeka. Kule meko, njengoko ugxininiso lotyalo-mali luncipha, imfuno yeenkonzo ezinkulu zokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa okukhethekileyo kulindeleke ukuba inyuke. Ubuchwephesha kunye noqoqosho lwesikali kulawulo lweeasethi kuya kuqhuba ukuhlanganiswa kwicandelo leenkonzo emva kotyalo-mali. Ukuqhubela phambili, izikhokelo zamandla ezihambelanayo kunye nentsebenziswano yeqhinga phakathi kwamashishini kuya kuba yimfuneko ekukhuleni okuzinzileyo.
Ixesha leposi: Oktobha-16-2025