Ukususela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, besilandela ngokusondeleyo utshintsho kwimeko-bume yomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nendlela yokubeka amaxabiso ombane kwishishini elitsha lamandla, ingakumbi ukwakhiwa ngokutsha okucwangcisiweyo okubangelwe kukuvulwa ngokukhawuleza kwemarike yombane emva komgaqo-nkqubo omtsha "we-531". Ngokuvela kwendlela yokubeka amaxabiso ombane njengoko kuchaziwe kwiXwebhu No. 136, ukuthengwa ngokupheleleyo kombane omtsha oqinisekisiweyo sele kuza kuba yimbali. Ngaphandle kweziqinisekiso zomgaqo-nkqubo, amaxabiso ombane aya kumiselwa yimarike. Wonke umntu uyazibuza ukuba ingaba utyalo-mali kumandla amatsha lusenokwenza imali na.
Ngaphambili, xa amandla e-photovoltaic ayenenzuzo, bambalwa abantu ababeqonda ixabiso lezixhobo zobungcali kunye nesoftware. “Ngokusisiseko, sisebenzise nje iifomyula zezibalo kwi-Excel ukwenza uqikelelo olupheleleyo. Ngumcimbi nje wokufumana imali engaphezulu okanye encinci.” Kodwa ngoku, ixabiso lombane elimiselweyo litshintshiwe laba lixabiso lombane wemarike, kwaye imodeli yengeniso yokuveliswa kombane we-photovoltaic ibe yimbali. Imeko apho “itafile enye ye-Excel inokusingatha yonke into ayisekho.” Ngoku, kuzo zonke izigaba zomjikelo wobomi beprojekthi, kufuneka sisebenzise kakhulu iingenelo ezinokubakho ezinokusetyenziswa kwaye zisetyenziswe. Ngexesha lale nkqubo, izicelo kunye nezixhobo ze-AI zobungcali ezithe nkqo zinokusinceda kakhulu ekwenzeni utshintsho ukusuka kumandla “abanzi” ukuya kulawulo “olucociweyo”.
Kukho amazwi amaninzi kunye neentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo zeXwebhu Nombolo 136 kushishino. Ngexesha loguquko lwe-AI, zeziphi iingcinga kunye nezicwangciso esifanele sibe nazo malunga neendlela ezizayo zoshishino kwixesha lasemva kweminyaka engama-531? Siqhube udliwanondlebe olunzulu neVision Power Technology, ingcali ephambili yesicelo se-AI sasekhaya kwishishini lamandla. Njengeshishini letekhnoloji elizinikele ekukhuthazeni ukuhlanganiswa okunzulu kwetekhnoloji yobukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye namandla amatsha, ngokwembono yetekhnoloji ye-AI, kunye nenani elikhulu ledatha yeprojekthi yokwenyani eveliswe kwaye iqokelelwe zizixhobo zeqonga, izigwebo ezilandelayo zeendlela zoshishino zishwankathelwe:
1. Ixesha "lokugqwesa komthwalo" lifikile, kwaye iindleko zokusetyenziswa kunye noqhagamshelo lwegridi ziya kuthwalwa licala leeasethi kunye necala lokusetyenziswa kwamandla.
Emva komgaqo-nkqubo we-"531", indima yegridi yombane itshintsha kakhulu, isuka kwi-"umthengi opheleleyo" wokuqala ukuya kwi-"umlawuli wemarike". Ixesha elidlulileyo apho abaqhubi bezikhululo zombane babekhathalela kuphela ulwakhiwo kwaye bengacingi ngombandela wokusetyenziswa kombane sele liyinto yexesha elidlulileyo. Ngokunyuka okuqhubekayo kwenani lokuveliswa kombane nge-photovoltaic, igridi yombane iphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu, kwaye iindleko zokulawulwa kwenkqubo kunye nolawulo lomahluko wentlambo ende ziyanda imihla ngemihla. Ezi ndleko azisayi kuthwalwa yigridi yombane kodwa ziya kudluliselwa kancinci kancinci kubanini beeprojekthi kunye namaziko asebenzisa umbane. Kwixesha elizayo, "ngubani ozuzayo, ngubani othwalayo" uya kuba yindlela ephambili. Oku kubeka iimfuno eziphezulu kubaphuhlisi beeprojekthi kunye namashishini okugqibela: kufuneka baqonde ngokupheleleyo iimpawu zabo zomthwalo wombane, amandla okuthumela impendulo kunye namandla oqhagamshelo lwegridi ukuze bafezekise ngokwenene uphuhliso oluzinzileyo kunye nokusebenza.
2. Ixabiso leeprojekthi ze-photovoltaic alisamiselwa kuphela zizixhobo kunye nophahla; imbuyekezo yokwenyani imiselwa kubuchule bokuyila iskimu.
Ngenxa yokungaqiniseki okwandayo kwamaxabiso ombane kunye nokuhla kancinci kancinci kwamaxabiso ombane kwigridi, imodeli yendabuko ejolise kwizixhobo "yokuhlala eluphahleni kunye nokukhuphisana ngezixhobo" ijongene nokuwa kweprimiyamu. Ukuqinisekiswa kwengeniso ye-photovoltaic yexesha elizayo kuxhomekeke ngakumbi kwiinkalo ezimbini: enye kukubalwa ngokuchanekileyo komthwalo kunye nomthamo wokusetyenziswa, kwaye enye kukukwazi ukwenza ngcono ulwakhiwo lwengeniso phantsi koqwalaselo lokugcina amandla. Oku kuthetha ukuba indima yenkonzo yommeli yendabuko iyancitshiswa kancinci kancinci, kwaye ukuthembela kuphela kulwazi akusenaxabiso lorhwebo. Ukuze kufezekiswe imbuyekezo eqhubekayo, kuyimfuneko ukuguqula ube ngumboneleli wenkonzo opheleleyo onokukwazi ukuyila izisombululo, kwaye ubonise ixabiso lawo ngokubonelela abathengi ngezisombululo ezisisigxina ezifana noyilo lwenkqubo, ulawulo lwamandla, kunye nokubala kwezoqoqosho. Amandla oyilo kunye nokucinga ngeenkqubo ziba lukhuphiswano oluphambili lwesizukulwana esitsha sababoneleli beenkonzo.
3. imbuyekezo yendlela yokuhlawula amaxabiso ombane ayisekho ithuba lokufumana inzuzo egqithisileyo, kodwa yindlela yokukhusela eyona nto ibalulekileyo.
Phantsi kwemvelaphi yokuthengiswa kancinci kancinci komthamo wombane wendlela kunye nexabiso lombane wendlela, uhlobo lwendlela yokuhlawula umgaqo-nkqubo lutshintshile - ayisesisiqinisekiso sembuyekezo ephezulu, kodwa "sisixhobo sokuyeka ukulahlekelwa" sokukhusela umngcipheko. Ukuba iiprojekthi zezikhululo zamandla ziza kufezekisa imbuyekezo ephezulu, akufuneki zithembele ekuqhubekeni kwezabelo zomgaqo-nkqubo, kodwa endaweni yoko zithembele kulwabiwo lwesayensi kunye nokulungiswa kwetekhnoloji ukwakha imodeli yenzuzo ezinzileyo. Olu tshintsho lukhuthaza ishishini ukuba libuyele kwixabiso langaphakathi leeprojekthi ngokwazo, liqinisekisa imbuyekezo ngokulungelelanisa umthwalo ngokufanelekileyo, ulungiselelo olusebenzayo lokugcina amandla kunye neenkqubo zokuhambisa ezikrelekrele ngakumbi, endaweni yokuxhomekeka kwimbuyekezo yomgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle ukuze "zisebenzise amandla aphezulu".
4. Ingqiqo yophuhliso lweprojekthi itshintshe kakhulu ukusuka “ekujikelezeni uphahla” ukuya “ekujikelezeni umthwalo”.
Ngaphambili, eyona nto yayiphambili kukhuphiswano kwiiprojekthi ze-photovoltaic ezisasazwe yayikukufumana "izixhobo": nabani na onokukhawuleza akhusele uphahla wayeza kuthatha inyathelo kule projekthi. Nangona kunjalo, phantsi kolwakhiwo olutsha lwemarike, izixhobo ngokwazo azisenaxabiso lilinganayo. Kuba ayizizo zonke iiphahla ezineempawu zomthwalo osemgangathweni ophezulu, kwaye azinakufikelela ekusetyenzisweni kakuhle kwasekuhlaleni. Ke ngoko, ingqiqo yophuhliso lwexesha elizayo "kukudibanisa umthwalo": kuphela ngabo banokuchonga abasebenzisi beshishini abanemithwalo ezinzileyo, amaxesha ahlukeneyo encochoyini kunye namaxesha angekho encochoyini, kunye nendawo enkulu yokucwangcisa abanokuphuhlisa ngokwenene iiprojekthi ezivelisa isivuno esiphezulu kunye nokhuseleko oluphezulu. Oku kubeka iimfuno eziphezulu kubuchule bokufumana idatha, ubuchule bokuhlalutya ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nobuchule bokwenza ngokwezifiso isisombululo sabaphuhlisi beprojekthi.
5. Amashishini athatha inxaxheba kwimarike yombane kufuneka akhe inkqubo yawo ebanzi yokuhambisa umbane.
Ukuze banike amandla abo okusasazwa kwamandla ngezakhono zorhwebo lokwenyani kwimarike, amashishini kufuneka aseke indlela yokulungelelanisa "ezine-in-one" edibanisa iimarike ze-photovoltaic, ukugcinwa kwamandla, umthwalo, kunye namandla ngaphakathi kwenkampani. Oku akudingi nje kuphela ukunxibelelana kwezixhobo kunye nokusebenzisana kwinqanaba lezixhobo, kodwa kukwafuna ukusekwa kweqonga elidibeneyo lokuhambisa amandla kwinqanaba lolawulo ukuze kufezekiswe ukwabiwa okuguquguqukayo kwezixhobo zokuvelisa amandla zasekuhlaleni kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokuphendula ngexesha langempela kwiimpawu zamaxabiso ombane. Enyanisweni, amashishini kufuneka akhe i-microgrid encinci ukuze kufezekiswe ukuzivelisa nokuzisebenzisa, ukuthunyelwa okuzimelayo kunye nolawulo oluchanekileyo. Ukwakhiwa kwale nkqubo kuya kuzisa ukuzimela okuphezulu kwamandla kunye nokukwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimarike kumashishini, kwaye kubeke isiseko sokufezekisa okulandelayo amandla ezityalo zamandla ezibonakalayo.
6. Izityalo zamandla ezibonakalayo ziindawo eziza kusetyenziselwa iinkqubo zamandla ezisasazwayo kwixesha elizayo, nto leyo ebeka phambili iimfuno eziphezulu zamandla okuqala emodeli.
Uhlobo olupheleleyo lwamandla asasazwayo kukuhlanganiswa – oko kukuthi, ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-virtual power plant (VPP), izixhobo zokuvelisa umbane ezisasazekileyo (ezifana ne-photovoltaic, ukugcinwa kwamandla) kunye nezixhobo zokusetyenziswa kwamandla (impendulo yomthwalo, umthwalo oguquguqukayo) zidityaniswe kwi-whole kunye nobuchule bokuhambisa, kwaye zithatha inxaxheba ngokufanayo kwiintengiselwano kunye neenkonzo kwimarike yombane. Izityalo zombane ezibonakalayo aziphuculi kuphela ukusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo, kodwa zikwaphucula kakhulu ukhuphiswano lwemarike kunye nendawo yenzuzo. Kodwa imfuneko yayo yonke le nto kukuba nobuchule bokuqikelela ngokuchanekileyo kunye nobuchule bokwenza imodeli kwinqanaba loyilo lweprojekthi. Indlela yendabuko yokuxhomekeka kwi-Excel yokulinganisa okuzinzileyo ayinakuxhasa ukwenziwa ngcono kwenkqubo ngeempawu ezininzi, ezininzi kunye neempawu ezinamandla kakhulu. Ukumodela kwe-AI, ukulinganisa okunamandla, kunye nohlalutyo lweemeko ezininzi kuya kuba zizakhono ezisisiseko zovavanyo lweprojekthi kunye nokwenza izigqibo kwixesha le-VPP.
Ngamafutshane, ngokukhula kokukhula kwendlela yokuthengisa umbane yaseTshayina kunye nokufika kwexesha lasemva kweminyaka engama-531, ishishini lokugcina umbane we-photovoltaic lingene kwixesha lotshintsho olunzulu ukusuka ekuqhutyweni kwezixhobo ukuya ekuqhutyweni komthwalo, ukusuka ekusetyenzisweni okungaguqukiyo ukuya ekuthuthweni okukrelekrele, kunye nokwakhiwa kwendawo enye ukuya ekuququzelelweni kwenkqubo. Umngeni ophambili abajongene nawo abasebenzisi bemizi-mveliso kunye nabarhwebi awusengombandela nje wokuba bafake okanye bangafaki, kodwa endaweni yoko yindlela yokwandisa ixabiso kunye nokunciphisa iingozi zeeasethi zamandla phantsi kwemeko yokuguquguquka kwamaxabiso ombane, ukusetyenziswa okulinganiselweyo, imida yegridi kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo engqongqo ngakumbi.
Ixesha leposi: Juni-11-2025